Method for producing a multi-carrier signal, device, and corresponding computer program

ABSTRACT

A method for generating a multicarrier signal formed by a temporal succession of multicarrier symbols, implementing the following steps for generating at least one block of multicarrier symbols: coding a set of information elements delivering a set of coded elements; puncturing a first sub-set of coded elements of the set of coded elements, according to a first puncturing pattern, delivering a first sub-set of punctured coded elements; puncturing a second sub-set of coded elements of the set of coded elements, complementary to the first sub-set, according to a second puncturing pattern, delivering a second sub-set of punctured coded elements; mapping, onto at least one complex symbol, of the punctured coded elements of the first and second sub-sets of punctured coded elements; and generating the block of multicarrier symbols from said at least one complex symbol.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This Application is a Section 371 National Stage Application ofInternational Application No. PCT/FR2017/052836, filed Oct. 16, 2017,which is incorporated by reference in its entirety and published as WO2018-069661 A1 on Apr. 19, 2018, not in English.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The field of the invention is that of communications implementing amulticarrier modulation, for example of the OFDM, OFDM/OQAM, BFDM/OQAMand other types.

More specifically, the invention proposes a technique of modulation tooptimize the transmission of certain data in reducing for exampleinterference that affects this data.

In one particular embodiment, the invention offers a solution for“Faster-than-Nyquist” (FTN) data transmission.

The invention can be applied especially in the field of wirelesscommunications (DAB, DVB-T, WLAN, unguided optical transmission etc.) orwire transmission (xDSL, PLC, optical and other forms of transmission).For example, the invention can be applied in the field of cellcommunications on uplink or downlink communications channels,Device-to-Device (D2D) communications, or communications usingbackhauling networks.

PRIOR ART

Multicarrier transmission techniques have numerous advantages,especially in the context of multipath channels. Thus, OFDM typemodulations are especially well suited to countering the effects offading in the frequency-selective channels.

However, these OFDM modulations have the drawback of generatingmulticarrier signals with poor frequency localization and thereforerequire the introduction of a guard interval in the time domain to limitinterference. Now, the insertion of such a guard interval reduces thespectral efficiency of the multicarrier signal.

Alternative solutions have been proposed to limit interference while atthe same time removing the need to insert a guard interval. Thesetechniques rely on signal shaping using filters (for a discretizedsignal) or functions (for a continuous signal), called prototypefunctions enabling better frequency localization through properties oforthogonality restricted to the real domain. These are for exampleOFDM/OQAM or BFDM/OQAM type modulations.

Besides, in order to reduce the transmission time for a given volume ofinformation or, in other words, to increase the volume of informationfor a given transmission time, there are also known ways of using an FTNtransmission for OFDM or OFDM/OQAM type transmission systems.

However, FTN transmission generates high interference and thereforerequires the complex processing operations at reception in order torebuild the data transmitted.

There is therefore a need for a novel technique of multicarriertransmission that limits interference between carriers and/or betweenmulticarrier symbols.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The invention proposes a novel solution that does not have all thedrawbacks of the prior art, in the form of a method for generating amulticarrier signal formed by a temporal succession of multicarriersymbols.

According to the invention, such a method implements the following stepsfor the generation of at least one block of multicarrier symbols:

-   -   coding a set of information elements delivering a set of coded        elements,    -   puncturing a first sub-set of coded elements of the set of coded        elements, according to a first puncturing pattern, delivering a        first sub-set of punctured coded elements,    -   puncturing a second sub-set of coded elements of the set of        coded elements, complementary to the first sub-set, according to        a second puncturing pattern, delivering a second sub-set of        punctured coded elements,    -   mapping, onto at least one complex symbol, of the punctured        coded elements of the first and second sub-sets of punctured        coded elements,    -   generating the block of multicarrier symbols from said at least        one complex symbol.

The invention thus proposes a novel solution for the generation of amulticarrier signal enabling the multicarrier symbols to be built in aningenious way.

In particular, the invention proposes to implement a puncturing on thesub-sets of coded elements according to a first and second puncturingpattern enabling a desired efficiency value to be achieved. For example,the first and second puncturing patterns, which may be distinct, enablethe definition of a first coding efficiency r₁ for the first sub-set ofpunctured coded elements, and a second coding efficiency r₂ for thesecond sub-set of punctured coded elements. These first and secondcoding efficiency values can be identical or different.

It can thus be chosen to offer a different degree of protection to thecoded elements of the first sub-set of coded elements and to the codedelements of the second sub-set of coded elements.

These first and second values of coding efficiency are defined so as tocomply with an overall coding efficiency of the modulation sequence,denoted as r, such that B=N/r, with N being the number of informationelements input at the coding step, and B being the number of puncturedcoded elements input at the step of mapping onto the complex symbols.

According to a first example, the coding efficiency r₁ associated withthe coding and puncturing steps of the first sub-set of coded elementsis greater than the coding efficiency r₂ associated with the coding andpuncturing steps of the second sub-set of coded elements. It istherefore sought to obtain the utmost protection for the elements of thesecond sub-set of punctured coded elements used to build the complexsymbols.

According to a second example, the coding efficiency r₁ is lower thanthe coding efficiency r₂. It is therefore sought to obtain increasedprotection for the elements of the first sub-set of punctured codedelements used to build the complex symbols.

According to a third example, the coding efficiency r₁ is equal to thecoding efficiency r₂. A same degree of protection is offered to theelements of the first sub-set of punctured coded elements and to thoseof the second sub-set of punctured coded elements.

The B punctured coded elements are then mapped onto the complex symbols,and the complex symbols are mapped onto the carriers of the block ofmulticarrier symbols. It may be recalled that a multicarrier symbol isformed by a set of carriers at different frequencies at a given point intime, each carrier being modulated by the real part and/or imaginarypart of a complex symbol.

It can noted that the invention can be applied to multicarriermodulation systems initially meeting either the condition of complexorthogonality (as in the case of OFDM) or the condition of realorthogonality (as in the case of OFDM/OQAM). The “complex symbols” cantherefore especially be with zero imaginary part, i.e. of real type,and/or be with zero real part. In particular, in OFDM, a complex symbolis mapped onto a position in time and several positions in frequency tobuild an OFDM multicarrier symbol. In OFDM/OQAM, the real part of acomplex symbol is mapped to one position in time and several positionsin frequency, and the imaginary part is mapped to the next position intime and several positions in frequency to build two OFDM/OQAMmulticarrier symbols. Classically, the time between two OFDMmulticarrier symbols is twice as long as the time between two OFDM/OQAMmulticarrier symbols. The set of multicarrier symbols obtained from thecomplex symbols forms a block of multicarrier symbols.

In particular, the multicarrier signal is formed by a temporalsuccession of multicarrier symbols intended for faster-than-Nyquisttransmission.

The invention thus proposes to reduce the interference generated by anFTN transmission of the multicarrier signal.

In addition, FTN transmission in the form of a frequency multiplexprocures the advantages of multicarrier systems, such as the flexibilityof the modulator (for example the possibility of turning off certaincarriers) or the use of efficient algorithms to implement the modem (forexample algorithms based on Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) orFast Fourier Transform (FFT)).

The proposed solution thus offers a novel technique for generating (orbuilding) a multicarrier signal enabling an increase of the transmissionbit rate in a given frequency band, while reducing interference relatedto FTN transmission.

According to one particular embodiment, the method of generationaccording to the invention furthermore comprises a step for precoding afirst sub-set of complex symbols, delivering a first sub-set of precodedcomplex symbols, said precoding step modifying the value of a complexsymbol of said first sub-set of complex symbols to take account ofinterference generated by at least one other complex symbol intended fortransmission at the same instant or at a same frequency according to apredetermined time-frequency transmission pattern.

According to this embodiment, the step for generating the block ofmulticarrier symbols modulates each carrier of said block by a complexprecoded symbol of the first sub-set of complex symbols or by a complexnon-precoded symbol of a second sub-set of complex symbols, according tosaid predetermined transmission pattern.

It is thus proposed to precode certain complex symbols before they aretransmitted, by assigning a particular value to certain complex symbolsaccording to their position after time-frequency mapping (i.e. theirtime-frequency position) in a pattern of transmission (i.e. in the blockof multicarrier symbols to be transmitted) so that the symbol receivedat this position is not affected or little affected (i.e. disturbed) byinterference. Hence, the interference likely to affect a complex symbolis at least partially pre-cancelled, depending on the transmissionpattern used.

In particular, the first sub-set of complex symbols is generated fromthe punctured coded elements of the first sub-set of coded elements, andthe second sub-set of complex symbols is generated from the puncturedcoded elements of the second sub-set of coded elements.

It is therefore possible, according to this embodiment, to offer adifferent degree of protection to the punctured coded elements of thefirst sub-set associated with complex symbols intended to be precoded,and to the punctured coded elements of the second sub-set associatedwith the complex symbols not intended to be precoded.

According to one particular characteristic, the method according to theinvention further comprises a first step for interleaving the puncturedcoded elements of the first sub-set of punctured coded elements and asecond step for interleaving the punctured coded elements of the secondsub-set of punctured coded elements implemented prior to the mappingstep.

In particular, if each sub-set of punctured coded elements comprises onthe one hand information elements (systematic ones) and, on the otherhand, redundancy elements obtained from these information elements, thefirst step of interleaving implements at least one first interleavingpattern for the interleaving of the information elements of the firstsub-set of the punctured coded elements and a second interleavingpattern for the interleaving of the redundancy elements of the firstsub-set of punctured coded elements, and the second step of interleavingimplements at least one first interleaving pattern for the interleavingof the information elements of the second sub-set of punctured codedelements and a second interleaving pattern for the interleaving of theredundancy elements of the second sub-set of punctured coded elements.

The different interleavers used can be identical or different. Forexample, it is possible to use a same random interleaver for theinterleaving of the information elements and for the interleaving of theredundancy elements for each sub-set of punctured coded elements.

According to one embodiment, the step for generating the block ofmulticarrier symbols takes account of at least one interferenceaffecting at least one carrier of the multicarrier signal.

More specifically, the invention according to this embodiment optimizesthe time-frequency mapping of the complex symbols onto the carriers ofthe block of multicarrier symbols in allocating, to certain complexsymbols, positions that are less subject to interference (for examplethe complex symbols built out of information elements) and inallocating, to other complex symbols, positions more subject tointerference (for example the complex symbols built out of redundancyelements).

In particular, the step for generating the block of multicarrier symbolsimplements the following sub-steps for at least one carrier of the blockof multicarrier symbols:

-   -   determining a power of interference affecting the carrier on        N_(τ) consecutive positions in time;    -   classification of the N_(τ) positions according to said power of        interference;    -   time-frequency mapping of the complex symbols built out of        information elements of the first sub-set of punctured coded        elements to the positions associated with a power of        interference smaller than or equal to a predetermined threshold,        and complex symbols built out of redundancy elements of the        first sub-set of punctured coded elements, obtained from these        information elements, to positions associated with a power of        interference greater than the predetermined threshold, and    -   time-frequency mapping of the complex symbols built out of the        information elements of the second sub-set of punctured coded        elements to the positions associated with a power of        interference smaller than or equal to a predetermined threshold        and of complex symbols built out of redundancy elements of the        second sub-set of punctured coded elements, obtained from the        information elements, to the positions associated with a power        of interference greater than the predetermined threshold.

According to this embodiment, it is thus possible to map the(systematic) information elements or more specifically the complexsymbols obtained from these information elements onto the carriers atthe positions of the frequency-time space least affected byinterference.

In particular, the number of positions N_(τ) depends on the compressionfactor τ defined for transmission at a faster-than-Nyquist rate.

Thus, with N_(mp) denoting the number of multicarrier symbols in ablock, we have:N _(mp) =a*N _(τ)(a∈

).

We also have, with N denoting the number of information elements atinput of the coding step, M the number of carrier frequencies to bemodulated, r an overall coding efficiency and mod_(ord) the order of themodulation:N _(mp) =N/(r*M*log₂(mod_(ord))) if an OFDM type modulation isconsidered, orN _(mp)=2*N/(r*M*log₂(mod_(ord))) if an OFDM/OQAM type modulation isconsidered.

Indeed, if we take the context of an FTN transmission, it is noted thatthe interference introduced by the FTN transmission depends on the timeinstant n and is periodic. Its period N_(τ) depends on the compressionfactor τ in time (or N_(f) for the discrete signal such that

$\left. {N_{f} = \left\lbrack {\tau \cdot \frac{M}{2}} \right\rbrack_{rounded}} \right).$

It is therefore possible, once the interference is associated with N_(τ)temporal positions for different frequencies, to determine theclassification of the positions according to the power of interferenceand then use this classification for the N_(τ) following positions, i.e.for the following period.

The invention also relates to a device for generating a correspondingmulticarrier signal comprising:

-   -   a coder coding a set of information elements delivering a set of        coded elements,    -   a first puncturing module for puncturing a first sub-set of        coded elements of said set of coded elements according to a        first puncturing pattern, delivering a first sub-set of        punctured coded elements,    -   a second puncturing module for puncturing a second sub-set of        coded elements of said set of coded elements, complementary to        said first sub-set, according to a second puncturing pattern,        delivering a second sub-set of punctured coded elements,    -   a mapping module for mapping the punctured coded elements of        said first and second sub-set of punctured coded elements onto        at least one complex symbol,    -   a module for generating a block of multicarrier symbols from        said at least one complex symbol.

Such a device for generating a multicarrier signal is especially adaptedto implementing the method for generating described here above. It isfor example a transmitter of a cell network base station for downlinkcommunications or a transmitter of a computer, telephone, tablet,set-top box or other type of terminals for uplink communications. Thisdevice could of course comprise the different characteristics of themethod of generation according to the invention that can be combined ortaken in isolation. Thus the characteristics and advantages of thisdevice are the same as those of the method described here above. Theyare therefore not described in more ample detail.

The invention also relates to one or more computer programs comprisinginstructions to implement a method for generating a multicarrier signalas described here above when this program or these programs are executedby at least one processor.

The invention also relates to an information carrier or medium readableby a computer and comprising instructions of a computer program asmentioned here above.

LIST OF FIGURES

Other features and advantages of the invention shall appear more clearlyfrom the following description of a particular embodiment, given by wayof a simple illustratory and non-exhaustive example and from theappended drawings, of which:

FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate the main steps implemented by a method forgenerating a multicarrier signal according to one particular embodimentof the invention, with or without precoding;

FIGS. 3 and 4 present a technique for optimizing the step oftime-frequency mapping;

FIGS. 5 and 6 illustrate the main steps implemented by a method forgenerating a multicarrier signal according to one particular embodimentof the invention, implementing the technique for optimizing the step oftime-frequency mapping with or without precoding;

FIG. 7 presents the simplified structure of a device implementing atechnique for generating a multicarrier signal according to oneembodiment of the invention.

DESCRIPTION OF ONE EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

The general principle of the invention relies on the processing,separately, of two sub-sets of coded elements obtained by the coding ofa set of information elements, this processing being separate up to theoperation for mapping coded elements onto complex symbols.

In particular, separate processing such as this enables the implementingof a distinct puncturing on each sub-set of coded elements, making itpossible to offer the different sub-sets different degrees of protectionin terms of coding.

According to one embodiment, the invention also proposes to optimize thetime-frequency mapping of complex symbols. According to one particularexample of implementation, the proposed solution ensures that thecomplex symbols built out of information bits (systematic bits) aremapped onto carriers placed at the positions of the time-frequency spaceleast affected by interference.

FIG. 1 illustrates the main steps implemented by a method for generatinga multicarrier signal according to one embodiment of the invention.

According to this FIG. 1, for the generation of at least one block ofmulticarrier symbols, such a method implements a step 11 for coding aset of information elements, for example sized N, delivering a set ofcoded elements, for example sized B′.

Such a coding step applies for example a channel coding that may be of asystematic or non-systematic type. It enables for example the generationof (B′−N) redundancy elements from N information elements to compensatefor the noise on the transmission channel. The efficiency r′ of thecoding step 11 is such that B′=N/r′.

If the number of coded elements used to form complex symbols (q-arysymbols) is fixed at B, a puncturing operation is implemented after thecoding step 11 to ensure an overall coding efficiency r such that B=N/r.

Thus, letting M denote the number of carriers to be modulated andmod_(ord) the modulation order, the number of multicarrier symbols in ablock is:N _(mp) =N/(r*M*log₂(mod_(ord))) if an OFDM modulation is considered, orN _(mp)=2*N/(r*M*log₂(mod_(ord))) if an OFDM/OQAM modulation isconsidered.

The invention proposes to apply a different efficiency to certaininformation elements so as to increase or reduce the level of protectionof these information elements obtained through coding. Thus, it issought to apply an efficiency r₁ to a first sub-set of informationelements sized N₁, so as to obtain a first sub-set of punctured codedelements sized B′₁, and an efficiency r₂ to a second sub-set ofinformation elements sized N₂, so as to obtain a second sub-set ofpunctured coded elements sized B′₂, with N₁+N₂=N and B=B′₁+B′₂. To thisend, it is possible to use different puncturing patterns for the firstsub-set of coded elements and for the second sub-set of coded elements.

More specifically, a puncturing operation 121 is applied to a firstsub-set of coded elements of the set of coded elements, sized B₁,obtained from the first sub-set of information elements sizedN₁:B₁=N₁/r′. We thus obtain a first sub-set of B′₁ coded elementspunctured according to a first puncturing pattern. The coding efficiencyassociated with the coding step 11 and puncturing step 121 is such thatB′₁=N₁/r₁. During a following step 131, the B′₁ punctured coded elementsof this first sub-set can be interleaved, for example by using a firstrandom interleaving function.

A puncturing operation 122 is also applied to a second sub-set of codedelements of the set of coded elements, sized B₂, with B₁+B₂=B′, obtainedfrom the second sub-set of information elements sized N₂:B₂=N₂/r′. Asecond sub-set of B′₂ punctured coded elements is thus obtainedaccording to a second puncturing pattern that can be distinct from thefirst puncturing pattern. In particular, if r₁≠r₂, the first and secondpuncturing patterns are different. If r₁=r₂, the first and secondpuncturing patterns can be different or identical. The coding efficiencyassociated with the coding step 11 and puncturing step 122 is such thatB′₂=N₂/r₂. During a following step 132, the B′₂ punctured coded elementsof the second sub-set can be interleaved, for example by using a secondrandom interleaving function which can be identical to or distinct fromthe first interleaving function.

At the end of these steps, namely the coding step 11, the puncturingsteps 121 and 122, and possibly the interleaving steps 131 and 132, weobtain B punctured coded elements with B=B′₁+B′₂, and an overallefficiency

$r = {\frac{r_{1}B_{1}^{\prime}}{B} + {\frac{r_{2}B_{2}^{\prime}}{B}.}}$

These B punctured coded elements are converted into at least one complexsymbol during a mapping step 14 in using for example the Gray technique.

During a following step, a block of multicarrier symbols “to betransmitted” is generated from the complex symbols.

As indicated here above, we propose to apply a different efficiency tocertain information elements so as to increase or reduce the level ofprotection of these information elements obtained through the coding.For example, if we choose r₁≤r≤r₂, the first sub-set of informationelements benefits from better protection (strong code) than the secondsub-set of information elements (weak code). If we choose r₂≤r≤r₁, thesecond sub-set of information elements benefits from a better protection(strong code) than the first sub-set of information elements (weakcode). If we choose r₁=r₂=r, the elements of the first sub-set and ofthe second sub-set of information elements benefits from a similarprotection.

By way of an example, the information elements are considered to beinformation bits.

If the size of the set of information bits input at the coding step 11is N, if the coding step implements a mother code with an efficiencyr′=¼, and if the size of the set of coded bits chosen to form thecomplex symbols is B=2*N, then the “overall” code efficiency considered(between the input of the coding step 11 and the input of the mappingstep 14) is r=½.

We choose for example a first code efficiency r₁= 8/17 to be applied tothe first sub-set of information elements and a second code efficiencyr₂= 9/17 to be applied to the second sub-set of information elements.

If it is considered that half of the bits coded to form the complexsymbols belong to the first sub-set of punctured coded elements, andthat the other half of the bits coded to form the complex symbols belongto the second sub-set of punctured coded elements, i.e. =B′₂=B/2, thenN₁ and N₂ can be defined as follows from

$B_{1}^{\prime} = {\frac{N_{1}}{r_{1}} = {{\frac{B}{2}\mspace{14mu}{and}\mspace{14mu} B_{2}^{\prime}} = {\frac{N_{2}}{r_{2}} = {\frac{B}{2}\text{:}}}}}$$N_{1} = {\frac{B \times r_{1}}{2} = {{2 \times N \times \frac{r_{1}}{2}} = {{N \times r_{1}} = \frac{8N}{17}}}}$$N_{2} = {\frac{B \times r_{2}}{2} = {{2 \times N \times \frac{r_{2}}{2}} = {{N \times r_{2}} = \frac{9N}{17}}}}$

At input to the coding step 11, we can therefore consider a firstsub-set of

$N_{1} = \frac{8N}{17}$information bits and a second sub-set of

$N_{2} = \frac{9N}{17}$information bits.

At the end of the coding step 11, we obtain a first sub-set of B₁ codedbits, formed out of the N₁ information bits of the first sub-set and asecond sub-set of B₂ coded bits formed out of the N₂ information bits ofthe second sub-set, such that:

$B_{1} = {\frac{N_{1}}{r^{\prime}} = {{\frac{8N}{17} \times 4} = \frac{32N}{17}}}$$B_{2} = {\frac{N_{2}}{r^{\prime}} = {{\frac{9N}{7} \times 4} = \frac{36N}{17}}}$

We thus obtain, at the end of the puncturing step 121 applied to thefirst sub-set of B₁ coded bits and after the interleaving step 131 ifany, the first sub-set of punctured coded bits sized B′₁=B/2.

We also obtain, at the end of the puncturing step 122 applied to thesecond sub-set of B₂ coded bits and after the interleaving step 132 ifany, the second sub-set of punctured coded bits sized B′₂=B/2.

For example, if we consider a systematic code with an overall efficiencyr=½, first and second efficiency values such that

${r_{1} = {{\frac{8}{17} \leq r} = {{\frac{1}{2} \leq r_{2}} = \frac{9}{17}}}},$and if only redundancy bits are punctured, then the sub-set of leastpunctured coded bits (i.e. B′₁) has more redundancy bits than systematicbits. The sub-set of most punctured coded bits (i.e. B′₂) has moresystematic bits than redundancy bits.

If necessary, as illustrated in FIG. 2, a step of precoding of thecomplex symbols can be implemented between the mapping and modulationsteps.

Thus, according to the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 2, it is possibleto precode at least one complex symbol modulating a carrier of amulticarrier signal by modifying its value to take into account, attransmission, an inter-symbol interference ISI and/or inter-carrierinterference ICI_(n) normally affecting this complex symbol. Theinvention, according to this embodiment, thus proposes to at leastpartially pre-cancel an interference between multicarrier symbols and/orinter-carrier interference for at least one complex symbol.

Such a technique can especially be implemented for faster-than-Nyquistdata transmission for an OFDM or OFDM/OQAM type modulation.

It is proposed, according to this embodiment, to at least partiallypre-cancel the ISI and ICI_(n) interferences at transmission, since theyare known to the transmitter. Thus, instead of transmitting complexsymbols a_(m,n), it is possible to transmit precoded symbols c_(m,n)such that:c _(m,n) =a _(m,n)−αISI−βICI_(n)

It is noted first of all that, for a complex symbol a_(m,n), the complexsymbols a_(m,n+p) and a_(m,n−p) take part in the ISIs, and the complexsymbols a_(m+q,n) and a_(m−q,n) take part in the ICIs, with p, q∈

⁺, p∈[−l,l] and q∈[−l′,l]. It is therefore not possible to precode allthe complex symbols, i.e. pre-cancel the interference of all the complexsymbols.

The values of l and l′ can be determined from at least one elementbelonging to the group comprising: the length of the prototype filterused, the compression factor T and the type of modulation.

Thus, in order to limit the decrease in the power of the payload complexsymbol a_(m,m), two factors α and β are introduced. This enables theselection of the type of interference that it is sought to cancel atleast partially through the precoding. A first sub-set of precodedcomplex symbols c_(m,n)=a_(m,n)−αISI−βICI_(n) is transmitted on a firstpart of the frame. On the rest of the frame, a second sub-set ofnon-precoded complex symbols a_(m,n) is transmitted.

This technique of pre-cancellation of at least part of interference canbe called an SIPC (Sparse Interference Pre-Cancellation) precodingtechnique and is especially presented in the document “SparseInterference Pre-Cancellation for FTN-OQAM Systems” (Naila Lahbabi etal., “22nd European Wireless Conference”, 18-20 May 2016, Oulu,Finland).

According to FIG. 2, the coding step 21, puncturing step 221, puncturingstep 222, interleaving step 231, interleaving step 232, and mapping step24 are similar to the coding step 11, puncturing step 121, puncturingstep 122, interleaving step 131, interleaving step 132 and mapping step14.

The precoding step 25, for its part, precodes a first sub-set of complexsymbols among the set of complex symbols obtained from the set of Ninformation elements. We thus obtain a first sub-set of K precodedsymbols. This precoding step 25 modifies the value of a complex symbolof the first sub-set to take account of an interference generated by atleast one other complex symbol intended for transmission at the sameinstant or at a same frequency according to a predetermined pattern oftime-frequency transmission.

The modulation step 26 then modulates the carriers of the multicarriersymbol or symbols either by a precoded complex symbol of the firstsub-set of complex symbols or by a non-precoded complex symbol of asecond sub-set of complex symbols, according to a predeterminedtransmission pattern.

In particular, according to this embodiment, the punctured codedelements used to build the complex symbols intended for precoding duringthe precoding step 25 belong to the first sub-set of punctured codedelements B′₁, and the punctured coded elements used to build the complexsymbols not intended for precoding during the precoding step 25 belongto the second sub-set of punctured precoded elements B′₂.

For example it is desired that half of the complex symbols to betransmitted are precoded and the other half are not precoded. We thuspropose, according to this embodiment, to use distinct code efficiencyvalues on the one hand for the coding of the information elements thatare to form the complex symbols intended for precoding and, on the otherhand, for the coding of the information elements that are to formcomplex symbols intended for non-precoding. In other words, it ispossible to define a code efficiency r₁ to be applied to the firstsub-set of information elements, enabling the generation of the complexsymbols intended to be precoded and a code efficiency r₂ to be appliedto the second sub-set of information elements enabling the generation ofthe complex symbols not intended for precoding.

As described here above with FIG. 1, if r₁≤r≤r₂ is chosen, then thefirst sub-set of information elements used to generate the precodedsymbols benefits from a better protection (strong code) than the secondsub-set of information elements used to generate the non-precodedsymbols (weak code). If r₂≤r≤r₁ is chosen, the second sub-set ofinformation elements used to generate the non-precoded symbols benefitsfrom a better protection (strong code) than the first sub-set ofinformation elements used to generate the precoded symbols (weak code).If r₁=r₂=r is chosen, the elements of the first sub-set and of thesecond sub-set of information elements benefit from a similarprotection.

Referring now to FIG. 3, we present a variant that can be used tooptimize the mapping of the complex symbols onto the carriers in thetime-frequency space. Such a variant further improves the transmissionof a multicarrier signal, in attenuating the interferences that affectcertain symbols during the transmission of the multicarrier signal.

For the sake of simplification, we present first of all theimplementation of such a technique for optimizing the mapping of thecomplex symbols onto the carriers not combined with the technique forgenerating a multicarrier signal described with reference to FIGS. 1 and2.

According to this technique illustrated in FIG. 3, a step of coding 31is applied to a set of information elements, for example sized N,delivering a set of coded elements, for example sized B.

Such a step of coding implements for example a channel coding which canbe of a systematic or non-systematic type. It makes it possible forexample to generate (B−N) redundancy elements from the N informationelements to compensate for the noise on the transmission channel.

The coded elements are then separated (32) into two sub-sets: a firstsub-set of coded elements, denoted as E1, and a second sub-set of codedelements, denoted as E2, and each sub-set is processed separately.

For example, if the coding step 31 implements a systematic code, thefirst sub-set of coded elements E1 can be formed by the N (systematic)information elements and the second sub-set of coded elements E2 by(B−N) redundancy elements obtained from the N information elements.

The coded elements of the first sub-set of coded elements E1 can then beinterleaved during an optional interleaving step 331 and then convertedinto at least one complex symbol during a mapping step 341. The complexsymbol or symbols thus obtained are then mapped onto the carriers of themulticarrier signal during a time-frequency mapping step 351. At leastone multicarrier symbol is thus obtained.

Similarly, the coded elements of the second sub-set of coded elements E2can then be interleaved during an optional interleaving step 332 andthen converted into at least one complex symbol during a mapping step342. The complex symbol or symbols thus obtained are then mapped ontothe carriers of the multicarrier signal during a time-frequency mappingstep 352. At least one multicarrier symbol is thus obtained.

During a modulation step 36, the multicarrier symbol or symbols thusbuilt are transmitted.

If necessary, a step for precoding complex symbols can be implementedbefore the modulation step 36, for example according to the SIPCprecoding technique introduced here above.

More specifically, according to the example illustrated in FIG. 3, atechnique is proposed for choosing the position of the carrier “mapped”with a complex symbol during the time-frequency mapping step. Thus, thecoded elements obtained at output of the coding step 31 are separated toallocate carriers subjected to a first type of interference (for exampleinterference below a predetermined threshold) to the complex symbolsobtained from the coded elements of the first sub-set of coded elementsand carriers subjected to a second type of interference (for exampleinterference greater than or equal to a predetermined threshold) to thecomplex symbols obtained from the coded elements of the second sub-setof coded elements.

For example, if the first sub-set of coded elements E1 comprises N(systematic) information elements and the second sub-set of codedelements E2 comprises (B−N) (parity) redundancy elements obtained fromthe N information elements, then a complex symbol obtained from aninformation element of the first sub-set of coded elements E1 can bemapped to a position weakly impacted by the interferences while acomplex symbol obtained from a redundancy element of the second sub-setof coded elements E2 can be mapped to a position more strongly impactedby interferences. Conversely, a complex symbol obtained from aninformation element of the first sub-set of coded elements E1 can bemapped to a position highly impacted by interferences if a complexsymbol obtained from a redundancy element of the second sub-set of codedelements E2 can be mapped to a position more weakly impacted by theinterferences.

It is thus proposed, according to this technique, to optimize thetime-frequency mapping step.

Here below, we describe an example of application of this technique ofoptimizing time-frequency mapping for an FTN/OQAM type modulation and asystematic coding of the N information bits.

As indicated with reference to the prior art, FTN transmission reducesthe transmission time for a given volume of information for multicarriertransmission systems but, as a trade-off, it generates highinterference. In particular, if the systematic and redundancy (parity)bits of a same code word are mapped to the positions most impacted byinterference, the decision of the decoder on this code word at receptionwill be the wrong decision.

It is thus proposed according to this example to control/optimize thestep of time-frequency mapping of the symbols in order to ensure that ifa redundancy bit is mapped to a position highly impacted byinterference, then the corresponding systematic bit (from which theredundancy bit is determined) will be mapped to a position weaklyaffected by the interference and vice versa.

To this end, it may be recalled that the signal output from the FTN/OQAMmodulator is written as follows:

${s\lbrack k\rbrack} = {\sum\limits_{n = 0}^{\infty}\;{{g\left\lbrack {k - {nN}_{f}} \right\rbrack}*{\sum\limits_{m = 0}^{M - 1}\;{a_{m,n}e^{j\;\Phi_{m,n}}e^{j\; 2\pi\;{m{({{nN}_{f} - \frac{D}{2}})}}}e^{\frac{j\; 2\pi\;{m{({k - {nN}_{f}})}}}{M}}}}}}$

with:

g being the waveform used;

M the number of carriers;

${N_{f} = \left\lbrack {\tau.\frac{M}{2}} \right\rbrack_{rounded}},$with τ the compression factor;

L the length of the prototype filter g;

D=L−1 a delay parameter introduced to make the system a causal system;

a_(m,n) the symbols to be transmitted, with real values for a OQAMmodulation;

ϕ_(m,n) a phase term of the FTN/OQAM modulation which can be equal to

$\Phi_{m,n} = {\frac{\pi}{2}\left( {m + n} \right)}$

It can be noted that the interference introduced by the FTN transmissiondepends on the time instant n and is periodic. Its period depends on thecompression factor τ (or N_(f) for the discrete signal). N_(τ) denotesthe period corresponding to a compression factor τ. Thus, if N_(mp)denotes a number of multicarrier symbols in a block, we have:N _(mp) =a*N _(τ)(α∈

).

In particular, we have:

$N_{\tau} = \begin{Bmatrix}{{\frac{M}{2N_{f}}\mspace{14mu}{if}\mspace{14mu}{{mod}\left( {M,{2N_{f}}} \right)}} = 0} \\{{\frac{M}{\gcd\left( {M,{2N_{f}}} \right)}\mspace{14mu}{if}\mspace{14mu}{{mod}\left( {M,{2N_{f}}} \right)}} \neq 0}\end{Bmatrix}$

For a given frequency m, m∈{1, . . . , M}, the power of the interferencethat impacts on the first N_(τ) positions in the time-frequency space iscomputed.

It is thus possible, according to this technique, to classify theseN_(τ) positions in a rising order of this power of interference, tochoose that position of the time-frequency space to which a complexsymbol can be mapped.n ₁ < . . . <n _(N) _(τ) such that P _(n) ₁ < . . . <P _(N) _(τ) .

with P_(n) _(i) : the power of interference at a position n_(i) amongthe N_(τ) positions in time.

It can be noted that, in the case of FTN, the interference does notdepend on the frequency position. The computation and the classificationof the power of the interference can therefore be implemented once forN_(τ) positions, and the result found can be applied directly for theother positions in time (of the same carrier) and the other carriers.

If not, we proceed similarly for the N_(τ) positions in time in thetime-frequency space for the frequency m, and for the other frequencies.

Returning to FIG. 3, and according to this example, at the end of thecoding step 31, a first sub-set of coded elements, or block E1,comprising the systematic bits, is obtained and a second sub-set ofcoded elements, or block E2, comprising the parity (redundancy) bits, isobtained. For example, a coding efficiency equal to ½ is considered. Theblocks E1 and E2 therefore have identical size.

Each block can be interleaved separately (331, 332). In particular, theinterleaving functions implemented for the interleaving of the block E1(331) and the block E2 (332) can be identical or distinct. These are forexample instances of random interleaving.

During the binary/q-ary mapping step 341, a block E₁′ of QAM symbols isbuilt out of the block E₁ of systematic bits using, for example, theGray mapping technique.

During the binary/m-ary mapping step 342, a block E₂′ of QAM symbols isbuilt out of the block E₂ of parity bits, using for example the Graymapping technique.

During the time-frequency mapping step 351, the block E; of QAM symbolsbuilt out of the block E₁ of systematic bits is mapped to the

$\frac{N_{\tau}}{2}$first positions among the positions n_(l)< . . . <n_(h), that correspondto the positions weakly impacted by interference. I designates the setof these positions.

During the time-frequency mapping step 352, the block E₂′ of QAM symbolsbuilt out of the block E₂ of parity bits is mapped to the

$\frac{N_{\tau}}{2}$last positions among the positions n_(l)< . . . <n_(h) that correspondto the positions highly impacted by the interference. J designates theset of these positions.

For example, if we consider a compression factor τ=0.8, the period ofthe interferences is N_(τ)=16.

For each carrier, the order of the 16 positions in time according to thepower of interference is such that:

n₁ n₆ n₁₂ n₁₁ n₇ n₁₆ n₂ n₅ n₁₃ n₁₀ n₈ n₁₅ n₃ n₄ n₁₄ n₉

The QAM symbols built out of the systematic bits are mapped to thepositions of the set I, defined by: I={n₁, n₆, n₁₂, n₁₁, n₇, n₁₆, n₂,n₆}, corresponding to the positions least affected by interference.

The QAM symbols built out of the parity bits are mapped to the positionsof the set J defined by: J={n₉, n₁₄, n₄, n₃, n₁₅, n₈, n₁₀, n₁₃},corresponding to the positions most affected by interference.

In particular, if we consider a systematic code and an overallefficiency r=½, then if the QAM symbol generated from an information bitis mapped to the position n₁ having the weakest power of interference,the QAM symbol generated from the parity bit corresponding to thisinformation bit can already be mapped to the position n₉ with thestrongest power of interference. If the QAM symbol generated from aninformation bit is mapped to the position n₆ having the second weakestpower of interference, the QAM symbol generated from the parity bitcorresponding to this information bit can be mapped to a position n₁₄having the second strongest power of interference, etc.

If we consider a systematic code and an overall efficiency r=⅓, thesystematic bits can be placed on the ⅓ positions least affected byinterference and the redundancy bits can be placed on the ⅔ positionsmost affected by the interference.

For a non-systematic code, it is possible to apply a similar process.For example, if a non-systematic code and an overall efficiency r=½ areconsidered, it is possible to implement a separation of the redundancybits to distribute the two redundancy bits obtained from the sameinformation bit into two distinct groups. Each group is then processedseparately: the bits of the first group (and of the second grouprespectively) are interleaved and complex symbols are built out of theinterleaved bits of the first group (and the second group respectively).The complex symbols obtained from the interleaved bits of the firstgroup are then mapped to the positions least affected by theinterference and the complex symbols obtained from the interleaved bitsof the second group are mapped to the positions most affected byinterference.

The same procedure is carried out for the other positions of the carrierm, and for the other carriers (i.e. the other frequencies).

We thus obtain, at the end of these steps, a multicarrier signal to betransmitted.

FIG. 4 illustrates the implementation of such a technique for optimizingthe time-frequency mapping, combined with the precoding of the complexsymbols.

More specifically, according to FIG. 4, a coding step 41 is applied to aset of information elements, for example sized N, delivering a set ofcoded elements, for example sized B. The coded elements are thenseparated (42) into sub-sets.

If the code implemented during the coding step 41 is systematic, then afirst sub-set of coded elements comprising the systematic bits and asecond sub-set of coded elements comprising the parity bits areconsidered.

The systematic bits of the first sub-set of coded elements can bedistributed into two sub-group denoted as S₁ and S₂. For example, eachsub-group comprises half of the systematic bits.

The parity bits of the second sub-set of coded elements can bedistributed into two sub-groups, denoted P₁ and P₂. For example, thefirst sub-group of parity bits P₁ comprises the parity bits obtainedfrom the first sub-group of information bits S₁ and the second sub-groupof parity bits P₂ comprises the parity bits obtained from the secondsub-group of information bits S₂.

Each sub-group is then processed separately. For each sub-group, thecoded elements composing it can be interleaved during an optionalinterleaving step (431, 432, 433, 434), and then converted into at leastone complex symbol during a mapping step (441, 442, 443, 444). Thecomplex symbol or symbols thus obtained are then mapped onto thecarriers of the multicarrier signal during a time-frequency mapping step(451, 452, 453, 454). As already indicated, the interleaving functionsimplemented for the interleaving of the different sub-groups can beidentical or distinct. These are for example instances of randominterleaving.

During a precoding step 46, a part (first sub-set) of the complexsymbols intended to be mapped onto the carriers of the multicarriersignal is precoded. This precoding step 46 modifies the value of acomplex symbol of the first sub-set to take account of an interferencegenerated by at least one other complex symbol intended to betransmitted at the same instant or at a same frequency according to apredetermined pattern of time-frequency transmission.

The modulation step 47 then modulates the carriers of the multicarriersymbol or symbols either by a precoded complex symbol or by anon-precoded complex symbol according to the predetermined transmissionpattern.

For example, it is desired that half of the complex symbols to betransmitted should be precoded and the other half should benon-precoded. The coded elements used to build the complex symbols thatare to be precoded during the precoding step 46 belong for example tothe first sub-set of coded elements (comprising the first sub-group ofinformation bits S₁ and the first sub-group of parity bits P₁), and thecoded elements used to build the complex symbols not to be precodedduring the precoded step 46 belong to the second sub-set of codedelements (comprising the second sub-group of information bits S₂ and thesecond sub-group of parity bits P₂) with, according to this example,S₁=S₂=N/2.

As indicated here above, taking the context of an FTN-OQAM typetransmission, the interference introduced by the FTN transmissiondepends on the time n and is periodic according to a period N_(τ). On acarrier, the power of interference for the N_(τ) associated temporalpositions is computed.

Thus, with N_(mp) denoting the number of multicarrier symbols to betransmitted in a block, we have N_(mp)=a*N_(τ) (a∈

).

Since it is sought to precode half of the symbols to be transmitted, itis considered that among these N_(τ) temporal positions,

$N_{\tau 1} = \frac{N_{\tau}}{2}$are allocated to precoded symbols and the remainder of the positions,namely

$N_{\tau 2} = \frac{N_{\tau}}{2}$positions, are allocated to non-precoded symbols.

As explained with reference to FIG. 3, for a given frequency m, thepower of the interference that impacts on the first N_(τ1) positions intime in the time-frequency space is computed. It is thus possible,according to this technique, to classify the N_(τ1) positions in arising order of power of interference, to choose that position of thetime-frequency space to which it is possible to map a complex symbolintended to be precoded:

n₁ < … < n_(N_(τ 1))  such  that  P_(n₁) < … < P_(n_(N_(τ 1))).

with P_(n) _(i) : the power of interference at a position n_(i) amongthe N_(τ1) positions in time.

During the time-frequency mapping step 451, the block of QAM symbolsbuilt out of the first sub-group of systematic bits is mapped to the

$\frac{N_{\tau 1}}{2}$first positions among the positions n₁< . . . <n_(N) _(τ1) , whichcorrespond to the positions weakly impacted by the interference. I₁denotes the set of these positions.

During the time-frequency mapping step 452, the block of QAM symbolsbuilt out of the first sub-group of parity bits is mapped to the

$\frac{N_{\tau 1}}{2}$last positions among the positions n₁< . . . <n_(N) _(τ1) , thatcorrespond to the positions strongly impacted by interference. J₁denotes the set of these positions.

Similarly, the power of the interference that impacts on the N_(τ2)first positions in time in the time-frequency space is computed. TheseN_(τ2) positions can thus be classified according to a rising order ofthis power of interference to choose that position of the time-frequencyspace to which it is possible to map a complex symbol intended to benon-precoded.

The set I₂ contains the first

$\frac{N_{\tau 2}}{2}$positions that are the least impacted by the interferences. The set J₂contains the last

$\frac{N_{\tau 2}}{2}$positions that are the most impacted by the interferences.

The following are considered for example:

-   -   a compression factor τ=0.8, hence one period of the        interferences N_(τ)=16;    -   that the precoded step 46 implements an SIPC precoding in time        and a transmission pattern corresponding to an alternation in        time of two precoded symbols, and two non-precoded symbols, and        an alternation in frequency of one precoded symbol and one        non-precoded symbol to reduce the inter-symbol interference, and        that it is sought to precode the complex symbols at the        positions ((m,n) such that:        -   m is an even parity value and n=1, 2 mod 4 and        -   m is an odd parity value and n=3, 4 mod 4

In the time-frequency space, the positions of the precoded symbols aretherefore:N _(τ) ₁ ={(m even,n=1,2,5,6,9,10,13,14) and (modd,n=3,4,7,8,11,12,15,16)and the positions of the non-precoded symbols are:N _(τ) ₂ ={(m even,n=3,4,7,8,11,12,15,16) and (modd,n=1,2,5,6,9,10,13,14)}

The rising order of the 16 positions according to the power ofinterference is, as in the example described with reference to FIG. 3,for an FTN-OQAM transmission without precoding:

n₁ n₆ n₁₂ n₁₁ n₇ n₁₆ n₂ n₅ n₁₃ n₁₀ n₈ n₁₅ n₃ n₄ n₁₄ n₉

According to this example, the QAM symbols built out of the firstsub-group of information bits S₁, intended to be precoded, are mapped tothe positions of the set I₁, defined by:I ₁={(m even,n=1),(m even,n=6),(m odd,n=12),(m odd,n=11),(m odd,n=7),(modd,n=16),(m even,n=2),(m even,n=5)}

The QAM symbols built out of the first sub-group of parity bits P₁,intended to be precoded are mapped to the positions of the set J₁,defined by:J ₁={(m even,n=9),(m even,n=14),(m odd,n=4),(m odd,n=3),(m odd,n=15),(modd,n=8),(m even,n=10),(m even,n=13)}

The QAM symbols built out of the second sub-group of information bitsS₂, not intended to be precoded are mapped to the positions of the setI₂, defined by:I ₂={(m odd,n=1),(m odd,n=6),(m even,n=12),(m even,n=11),(m even,n=7),(meven,n=16),(m odd,n=2),(m odd,n=5)}

The QAM symbols built out of the second sub-group of parity bits P₂, notintended to be precoded, are mapped to the positions of the set J₂,defined by:J ₂={(m odd,n=9),(m odd,n=14),(m even,n=4),(m even,n=3),(m even,n=15),(meven,n=8),(m odd,n=10),(m odd,n=13)}

In particular, if the QAM symbol generated from an information bit ofthe sub-group S₁ is mapped to the position n₁ having the lowest power ofinterference, the QAM symbol generated from the parity bit of thesub-group P₁ corresponding to this information bit can be mapped to theposition n₉ having the highest power of interference. If the symbol QAMgenerated from an information bit of the sub-group S₁ is mapped to theposition n₆ having the second lowest power of interference, the QAMsymbol generated from the parity bit of the sub-group P₁ correspondingto this information bit can be mapped to the position n₁₄ having thesecond highest power of interference, etc.

The same procedure is carried out for the other positions of the carrierm, and for the other carriers (i.e. the other frequencies).

At the end of these steps, at least one block of multicarrier symbols tobe transmitted is obtained, this block comprising N_(mp) multicarriersymbols with:N _(mp) =a*N _(τ)(aε

) andN _(mp)=2*N/(r*M*log₂(mod_(ord)))N denoting the number of information elements at input of the codingstep, M the number of carrier frequencies to be modulated, r the overallcoding efficiency and mod_(ord) the modulation order.

Referring here below to FIG. 5, we present the technique for generatinga multicarrier signal according to the invention, described withreference to FIGS. 1 and 2, combined with the technique used to optimizethe time-frequency mapping described with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4.

If necessary, a step for the precoding of the complex symbols can alsobe implemented before the modulation step.

According to this FIG. 5, for the generation of at least one block ofmulticarrier symbols, such a method implements a step for coding 51 aset of information elements, for example sized N, delivering a set ofcoded elements, for example sized B′. The efficiency r′ of the codingstep 51 is such that B′=N/r′.

The coded elements are separated into two sub-sets, including a firstsub-set sized B₁ and a second sub-set sized B₂, with B₁+B₂=B′.

Each sub-set of coded elements is processed separately.

As described with reference to FIG. 1, it is proposed to apply adifferent efficiency value to certain information elements so as toincrease or reduce the level of protection of these information elementsobtained through the coding. Thus, it is sought to apply a efficiency r₁to a first sub-set of information elements sized N₁, so as to obtain afirst sub-set of punctured coded elements sized B′₁, and to apply aefficiency r₂ to a second sub-set of information elements sized N₂, soas to obtain a second sub-set of punctured coded elements sized B′₂,with N₁+N₂=N and B=+B′₁+B′₂.

More specifically, the first sub-set of coded elements is puncturedduring a puncturing step 521. We thus obtain a first sub-set of B′₁punctured coded elements according to a first puncturing pattern. Thecoding efficiency associated with the coding step 51 and puncturing step521 is such that B′₁=N₁/r₁. The B′₁ punctured coded elements of thefirst sub-set can then be interleaved during an optional interleavingstep 531, for example by using a first random interleaving function thenconverted into at least one complex symbol during a mapping step 541.The complex symbol or symbols thus obtained are then mapped onto thecarriers of the multicarrier symbol during a time-frequency mapping step551 specified here below.

Similarly, the second sub-set of coded elements is punctured during apuncturing step 522. We thus obtain a second sub-set of B′₂ puncturedcoded elements according to a second puncturing pattern. The codingefficiency associated with the coding step 51 and puncturing step 522 issuch that B′₂=N₂/r₂. The B′₂ punctured coded elements of the secondsub-set can then be interleaved during an optional interleaving step532, for example by using a second random interleaving function, andthen converted into at least one complex symbol during a mapping step542. It can be noted that the first and second interleaving functionscan be different. The complex symbol or symbols thus obtained are thenmapped onto the carriers of the multicarrier signal during atime-frequency mapping step 552 specified here below.

In particular, the time-frequency mapping steps 551 and 552 make itpossible to choose the position of the carrier that is “mapped” with acomplex symbol. It is thus possible to allocate carriers subjected to afirst type of interference (for example interference below apredetermined threshold) to the complex symbols obtained from the B′₁punctured coded elements of the first sub-set and to allocate carrierssubjected to a second type of interference (for example interferenceabove or equal to a predetermined threshold) to the complex symbolsobtained from the B′₂ punctured coded elements of the second sub-set.

During a step of modulation 56, the multicarrier symbol of symbols thusbuilt are transmitted.

If necessary, a step of precoding of the complex symbols can beimplemented before the modulation step 56, for example according to theSIPC precoding technique as presented in the document “SparseInterference Pre-Cancellation” for FTN-OQAM Systems (Naila Lahbabi etal.) mentioned here above.

More specifically, referring to FIG. 6, we present the steps ofinterleaving 531, 532, mapping onto complex symbols 541, 542, andtime-frequency mapping 551, 552 of FIG. 5.

The steps of coding 61, puncturing 621 of the first sub-set of codedelements and puncturing 622 of the second sub-set of coded elements aresimilar to the steps of coding 51, puncturing 521 of the first sub-setof coded elements and puncturing 522 of the second sub-set of codedelements and are not described in greater detail.

It is considered for example that the efficiency r₁ associated with thecoding step 61 and puncturing step 621 of the first sub-set of codedelements is smaller than the efficiency r₂ associated with the step forcoding 61 and puncturing 622 of the second sub-set of coded elements:r₁≤r≤r₂.

The coded elements are separated into two sub-sets, among them a firstsub-set sized B₁ and a second sub-set sized B₂, with B₁+B₂=B′. Forexample, the code implemented during the coding step 61 is systematicand each sub-set of coded elements comprises information bits and paritybits associated with these information bits.

Each sub-set of coded elements is processed separately.

At the end of the step for puncturing 621 the first sub-set of codedelements, the first sub-set of B′₁ punctured coded elements is obtained.The B′₁ punctured coded elements can be grouped together intosub-groups:

-   -   a first sub-group of information bits S₁ comprising the        systematic bits of the first sub-set of B′₁ punctured coded        elements,    -   a first sub-group of parity bits P₁ comprising the parity bits        obtained from the first sub-group of information bits S₁,    -   an additional sub-group of parity bits P′₁ comprising additional        parity bits since it has been assumed that: r₁≤r.

At the end of the puncturing step 622 of the second sub-set of codedelements, the second sub-set of B′₂ punctured coded elements isobtained. The B′₂ punctured coded elements can be grouped intosub-groups:

-   -   a second sub-group of information bits S₂ comprising the        systematic bits of the second sub-set of B′₂ punctured coded        elements,    -   a second sub-group of parity bits P₂ comprising the parity bits        obtained from the second sub-group of information bits S₂,    -   a sub-group of information bits S′₂ comprising the systematic        bits of the second sub-set of B′₂ punctured coded elements the        least protected (i.e. those that have fewer parity bits than the        others, since it is assumed that: r≤r₂).

It is noted that S₁+S₂+S′₂=N

Each sub-group is then processed separately. For each sub-group, thecoded elements composing it can be interleaved during an optionalinterleaving step (631, 632, 633, 634, 635, 636), then converted into atleast one complex symbol during a mapping step (641, 642, 643, 644, 645,646). The complex symbol or symbols thus obtained are then mapped ontothe carriers of the multicarrier signal during a time-frequency mappingstep (651, 652, 653, 654, 655, 656). As already indicated, theinterleaving functions implemented for interleaving the differentsub-groups can be identical or distinct. The interleavings are, forexample, random interleavings.

As indicated here above, if we take the context of a FTN-OQAM typetransmission, the interference introduced by the FTN transmissiondepends on the time n and is periodic, according to a period N_(τ). On acarrier, the power of interferences for the N_(τ) associated temporalpositions is computed and the associated positions are classified in arising order of this power of interference to choose that position ofthe time-frequency space to which a complex symbol can be mapped.

More specifically, the complex symbols built out of the first sub-groupof information bits S₁ are mapped to the positions of the set I_(I),sized L₁, corresponding for example to the L₁ positions least affectedby interference.

The complex symbols built out of the first sub-group of parity bits P₁are mapped to the positions of the set J₁, sized L₁, corresponding tothe L₁ following positions.

The complex symbols built out of the additional sub-group of parity bitsP′₁ are mapped to the positions of the set J′₁, sized L₂, correspondingto the L₂ remaining positions most affected by the interference.

It is noted that L₁+L₁+L₂=N_(τ).

Similarly, the complex symbols built out of the sub-group of informationbits S′₂ are mapped to the positions of the set I′₁, sized L₂,corresponding for example to the L₂ positions least impacted by theinterference.

The complex symbols built out of the second sub-group of informationbits S₂ are mapped to the positions of the set I₂, sized L₁,corresponding to the L₁ following positions.

The complex symbols built out of the second sub-group of parity bits P₂are mapped to the positions of the set J₂, sized L₁, corresponding tothe L₁ positions most affected by the interference.

Again, it is noted that L₁+L₁+L₂=N_(τ).

During a modulation step 67, the multicarrier symbol or symbols thusbuilt are transmitted.

If necessary, a step for precoding 66 the complex symbols can beimplemented before the step of modulation 67, for example according tothe SIPC precoding technique as presented in the documentary “SparseInterference Pre-Cancellation for FTN-OQAM Systems (Naila Lahbabi etal.) mentioned here above.

Here below, we give examples of positions defined by the sets I₁, I₂,I′₁, J₁, J₂, J′₁, according to the compression factor and the precodingconsidered.

It is considered, according to a first example, that the precoding step66 implements an SIPC precoding in frequency according which it issought to cancel or at least to reduce only the inter-carrierinterference (ICI_(n)), in precoding a first sub-set of OQAM symbols. Wealso consider:

-   -   a compression factor τ=0.8, hence a period of the interferences        N_(τ)=16;    -   that the transmission pattern corresponds, in time, either to a        sequence of precoded symbols or to a sequence of non-precoded        symbols, and, in frequency, to an alternation of one precoded        symbol and one non-precoded symbol.

For a given frequency m, for example m as an even value corresponding tothe transmission of precoded symbols, the power of the interference thatimpacts on the first N_(τ) positions in time in the time-frequency spaceis computed, and these N_(τ) positions are classified according to arising order of power of interference:

n₁ < … < n_(N_(τ))  such  that  P_(n₁) < … < P_(n_(N_(τ ))).

with P_(n) _(i) : the power of interference at a position n_(i) amongthe N_(τ) positions in time.

Going from the positions least impacted by the interference towards thepositions most impacted by the interference, the set I₁ contains the L₁first positions, the set J₁ contains the L₁ positions that follow andthe set J′₁ contains the L₂ positions that follow.

The same procedure is carried out for a given frequency m+1,corresponding to the transmission of the non-precoded symbols.

Going from the positions least impacted by the interference towards thepositions most impacted by the interference the set I′₂ contains the L₂first positions, the let I₂ contains the L₁ positions that follow, andthe set J₂ contains the L₁ remaining positions.

Returning to the example of FIG. 2, with code efficiency values r₁= 8/17and r₂= 9/17, the following are obtained: L₁=7 and L₂=2.

The rising order of the 16 positions according to the power ofinterference is, as in the example described with reference to FIG. 3:

n₁ n₆ n₁₂ n₁₁ n₇ n₁₆ n₂ n₅ n₁₃ n₁₀ n₈ n₁₅ n₃ n₄ n₁₄ n₉

In the time-frequency space, the positions of the precoded symbols are:N _(τ)={(m even,n=1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14)and the positions of the non-precoded symbols are:N _(τ)={(m odd,n=1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14)

The following sets are obtained:

-   -   for m as an even parity value:        I ₁ ={n=1,6,12,11,7,16,2}        J ₁ ={n=4,3,15,8,10,13,5}        J′ ₁ ={n=9,14}    -   for m as an odd parity value:        I′ ₂ ={n=1,6}        I ₂={=12,11,7,16,2,5,13}        J ₂ ={n=9,14,4,3,15,8,10}

As already indicated, the same procedure is followed for the otherpositions of the carrier m, and for the other carriers (i.e. the otherfrequencies).

According to a second example, it is considered that the precoding step66 implements an SIPC precoding in time, according to which it is soughtto cancel or at least to reduce only the inter-symbol interferences ICI,in precoding a first sub-set of OQAM symbols. It is also consideredthat:

-   -   a compression factor τ=0.8, hence one period of the        interferences N_(τ)=16;    -   that the transmission pattern corresponds to an alternation in        time of two precoded symbols and two non-precoded symbols and an        alternation, in frequency, of one precoded symbol and one        non-precoded symbol to reduce the inter-symbol interference.

On a carrier, i.e. for a given frequency m, the power of interferencesfor the N_(τ) associated temporal positions is computed.

Since it is sought to precode half of the symbols to be transmitted, itis considered that among the N_(τ) temporal positions,

$N_{\tau 1} = \frac{N_{\tau}}{2}$are allocated to precoded symbols, and the rest of the positions, namely

$N_{\tau 2} = \frac{N_{\tau}}{2}$positions are allocated to non-precoded symbols.

The N_(τ1) positions are classified according to a rising order of theinterference power.

Going from the positions least impacted by the interference towards thepositions most impacted by the interference, the set I₁ contains the L₁first positions, the set J₁ contains the L₁ positions that follow andthe set J′₁ contains the L₂ positions that follow.

In the same way, the N_(τ2) positions are classified according to arising order of the power of interference.

Going from the positions least impacted by the interference towards thepositions most impacted by the interference the set I′₂ contains the L₂first positions, the set I₂ contains the L₁ positions that follow, andthe set J₂ contains the L₁ remaining positions.

Returning to the example of FIG. 2, with code efficiency values r₁= 8/17and r₂= 9/17, the following are obtained: L₁=7 and L₂=2.

The rising order of the 16 positions according to the power ofinterference is, as in the example described with reference to FIG. 3:

n₁ n₆ n₁₂ n₁₁ n₇ n₁₆ n₂ n₅ n₁₃ n₁₀ n₈ n₁₅ n₃ n₄ n₁₄ n₉

In the time-frequency space, the positions of the precoded symbols are:N _(τ) ₁ ={(m even,n=1,2,5,6,9,10,13,14) et (modd,n=3,4,7,8,11,12,15,16)and the positions of the non-precoded symbols are:N _(τ) ₂ ={(m even,n=3,4,7,8,11,12,15,16) et (modd,n=1,2,5,6,9,10,13,14)}

The following sets are obtained:I ₁={(m even,n=1),(m even,n=6),(m odd,n=12),(m odd,n=11),(m odd,n=7),(modd,n=16),(m even,n=2)}J ₁={(m odd,n=4),(m odd,n=3),(m odd,n=15),(m odd,n=8),(m even,n=10),(meven,n=13),(m even,n=5)}J′ ₁={(m even,n=9),(m even,n=14)}I′ ₂={(m odd,n=1),(m odd,n=6)}I ₂={(m even,n=12),(m even,n=11),(m even,n=7),(m even,n=16),(modd,n=2),(m odd,n=5),(m odd,n=13)}J ₂={(m odd,n=9),(m odd,n=14),(m even,n=4),(m even,n=3),(m even,n=15),(meven,n=8),(m odd,n=10)}

Referring finally to FIG. 7, we present the simplified structure of adevice implementing a technique for generating a multicarrier signalaccording to one embodiment of the invention.

Such a device for generating a multicarrier signal, or transmitter,comprises a memory 71 comprising a buffer memory, a processing unit 72equipped for example with one or more processors P, and controlled by anapplication or a computer program 73, implementing the steps of themethod of generation according to one embodiment of the invention.

At initialization, the code instructions of the computer program 73 arefor example loaded into a RAM and then executed by the processor of theprocessing unit 72. The processing unit 72 inputs a set of informationelements (N). The microprocessor of the processing unit 72 implementsthe steps of the method of generation described here above according tothe instructions of the computer program 73 to generate at least oneblock of multicarrier symbols.

The invention claimed is:
 1. A method for generating a multicarriersignal formed by a temporal succession of multicarrier symbols, whereinthe method comprises the following steps performed by a device forgenerating at least one block of multicarrier symbols: coding a set ofinformation elements delivering a set of coded elements, puncturing afirst sub-set of coded elements of the set of coded elements, accordingto a first puncturing pattern, delivering a first sub-set of puncturedcoded elements, puncturing a second sub-set of coded elements of saidset of coded elements, complementary to said first sub-set, according toa second puncturing pattern, delivering a second sub-set of puncturedcoded elements, mapping the punctured coded elements of said first andsecond sub-sets of punctured coded elements onto at least one complexsymbol, and generating said block of multicarrier symbols from said atleast one complex symbol wherein generating said block of multicarriersymbols comprises, for at least one carrier of said block ofmulticarrier symbols: determining a power of interference affecting saidcarrier on N_(τ) consecutive positions in time; classifying the N_(τ)positions according to said power of interference; time-frequencymapping of the complex symbols built out of information elements of saidfirst sub-set of punctured coded elements to the positions associatedwith a power of interference smaller than or equal to a pre-determinedthreshold, and complex symbols built out of redundancy elements of saidfirst sub-set of punctured coded elements, obtained from saidinformation elements, to the positions associated with a power ofinterference greater than the pre-determined threshold, andtime-frequency mapping of the complex symbols built out of theinformation elements of said second sub-set of punctured coded elementsto the positions associated with a power of interference smaller than orequal to a pre-determined threshold and complex symbols built out ofredundancy elements of said second sub-set of punctured coded elements,obtained from said information elements, to the positions associatedwith a power of interference greater than said pre-determined threshold.2. The method of claim 1, wherein a coding efficiency associated withsaid coding and puncturing steps of said first sub-set of coded elementsis different from a coding efficiency associated with said coding andpuncturing steps of said second sub-sets of coded elements.
 3. Themethod of claim 1, wherein said multicarrier symbols are transmitted ata faster-than-Nyquist rate.
 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the methodcomprises precoding a first sub-set of complex symbols, delivering afirst sub-set of precoded complex symbols, said precoding modifying avalue of a complex symbol of said first sub-set of complex symbols totake account of an interference generated by at least one other complexsymbol for transmission at the same instant or at a same frequencyaccording to a pre-determined time-frequency transmission pattern. 5.The method of claim 4, wherein said first sub-set of complex symbols isgenerated from the punctured coded elements of said first sub-set ofcoded elements, and said second sub-set of complex symbols is generatedfrom the punctured coded elements of said second sub-set of codedelements.
 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprisesa first step of interleaving of the punctured coded elements of saidfirst sub-set of punctured coded elements and a second step ofinterleaving of the punctured coded elements of said second sub-set ofpunctured coded elements implemented prior to the mapping step.
 7. Themethod of claim 6, wherein said first step of interleaving implements atleast one first interleaving pattern for the interleaving of theinformation elements of said first sub-set of punctured coded elementsand a second interleaving pattern for the interleaving of redundancyelements of said first sub-set of punctured coded elements, obtainedfrom said information elements, and said second step of interleavingimplements at least one first interleaving pattern for the interleavingof the information elements of said second sub-set of punctured codedelements and a second interleaving pattern for the interleaving ofredundancy elements of said second sub-set of punctured coded elements,obtained from said information elements.
 8. The method of claim 1,wherein said generating said block of multicarrier symbols takes accountof at least one interference affecting at least one carrier of saidmulticarrier signal.
 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the number ofpositions N_(τ) depends on the compression factor r defined forfaster-than-Nyquist transmission.
 10. A device for generating amulticarrier signal, formed by a temporal succession of multicarriersymbols, wherein the device comprises: a processor; and a non-transitorycomputer-readable medium comprising instructions stored thereon, whichwhen executed by the processor configure the device to perform actscomprising: coding a set of information elements delivering a set ofcoded elements, puncturing a first sub-set of coded elements of said setof coded elements according to a first puncturing pattern, delivering afirst sub-set of punctured coded elements, puncturing a second sub-setof coded elements of said set of coded elements, complementary to saidfirst sub-set, according to a second puncturing pattern, delivering asecond sub-set of punctured coded elements, mapping the punctured codedelements of said first and second sub-set of punctured coded elementsonto at least one complex symbol, and generating a block of multicarriersymbols from said at least one complex symbol; wherein generating saidblock of multicarrier symbols comprises, for at least one carrier ofsaid block of multicarrier symbols: determining a power of interferenceaffecting said carrier on N_(τ) consecutive positions in time;classifying the N_(τ) positions according to said power of interference;time-frequency mapping of the complex symbols built out of informationelements of said first sub-set of punctured coded elements to thepositions associated with a power of interference smaller than or equalto a pre-determined threshold, and complex symbols built out ofredundancy elements of said first sub-set of punctured coded elements,obtained from said information elements, to the positions associatedwith a power of interference greater than the pre-determined threshold,and time-frequency mapping of the complex symbols built out of theinformation elements of said second sub-set of punctured coded elementsto the positions associated with a power of interference smaller than orequal to a pre-determined threshold and complex symbols built out ofredundancy elements of said second sub-set of punctured coded elements,obtained from said information elements, to the positions associatedwith a power of interference greater than said pre-determined threshold.11. A non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising a computerprogram comprising instructions for implementing a method for generatinga multicarrier signal formed by a temporal succession of multicarriersymbols, when this program is executed by a processor of a device,wherein the instructions configure the device to: coding a set ofinformation elements delivering a set of coded elements, puncturing afirst sub-set of coded elements of the set of coded elements, accordingto a first puncturing pattern, delivering a first sub-set of puncturedcoded elements, puncturing a second sub-set of coded elements of saidset of coded elements, complementary to said first sub-set, according toa second puncturing pattern, delivering a second sub-set of puncturedcoded elements, mapping the punctured coded elements of said first andsecond sub-sets of punctured coded elements onto at least one complexsymbol, and generating a block of multicarrier symbols from said atleast one complex symbol, wherein generating said block of multicarriersymbols comprises for at least one carrier of said block of multicarriersymbols: determining a power of interference affecting said carrier onN_(τ) consecutive positions in time; classifying the N_(τ) positionsaccording to said power of interference; time-frequency mapping of thecomplex symbols built out of information elements of said first sub-setof punctured coded elements to the positions associated with a power ofinterference smaller than or equal to a pre-determined threshold, andcomplex symbols built out of redundancy elements of said first sub-setof punctured coded elements, obtained from said information elements, tothe positions associated with a power of interference greater than thepre-determined threshold, and time-frequency mapping of the complexsymbols built out of the information elements of said second sub-set ofpunctured coded elements to the positions associated with a power ofinterference smaller than or equal to a pre-determined threshold andcomplex symbols built out of redundancy elements of said second sub-setof punctured coded elements, obtained from said information elements, tothe positions associated with a power of interference greater than saidpre-determined threshold.
 12. A method for generating a multicarriersignal formed by a temporal succession of multicarrier symbols, whereinthe method comprises the following steps performed by a device forgenerating at least one block of multicarrier symbols: coding a set ofinformation elements delivering a set of coded elements, puncturing afirst sub-set of coded elements of the set of coded elements, accordingto a first puncturing pattern, delivering a first sub-set of puncturedcoded elements, puncturing a second sub-set of coded elements of saidset of coded elements, complementary to said first sub-set, according toa second puncturing pattern, delivering a second sub-set of puncturedcoded elements, mapping the punctured coded elements of said first andsecond sub-sets of punctured coded elements onto at least one complexsymbol, and generating said block of multicarrier symbols from said atleast one complex symbol, transmitting said multicarrier symbols at afaster-than-Nyquist rate.
 13. The method of claim 12, wherein a codingefficiency associated with said coding and puncturing steps of saidfirst sub-set of coded elements is different from a coding efficiencyassociated with said coding and puncturing steps of said second sub-setsof coded elements.
 14. The method of claim 12, wherein the methodcomprises precoding a first sub-set of complex symbols, delivering afirst sub-set of precoded complex symbols, said precoding modifying avalue of a complex symbol of said first sub-set of complex symbols totake account of an interference generated by at least one other complexsymbol for transmission at the same instant or at a same frequencyaccording to a pre-determined time-frequency transmission pattern. 15.The method of claim 12, wherein the method further comprises a firststep of interleaving of the punctured coded elements of said firstsub-set of punctured coded elements and a second step of interleaving ofthe punctured coded elements of said second sub-set of punctured codedelements implemented prior to the mapping step.
 16. The method of claim12, wherein said generating said block of multicarrier symbols takesaccount of at least one interference affecting at least one carrier ofsaid multicarrier signal.
 17. A method for generating a multicarriersignal formed by a temporal succession of multicarrier symbols, whereinthe method comprises the following steps performed by a device forgenerating at least one block of multicarrier symbols: coding a set ofinformation elements delivering a set of coded elements, puncturing afirst sub-set of coded elements of the set of coded elements, accordingto a first puncturing pattern, delivering a first sub-set of puncturedcoded elements, puncturing a second sub-set of coded elements of saidset of coded elements, complementary to said first sub-set, according toa second puncturing pattern, delivering a second sub-set of puncturedcoded elements, mapping the punctured coded elements of said first andsecond sub-sets of punctured coded elements onto at least one complexsymbol, generating said block of multicarrier symbols from said at leastone complex symbol, and precoding a first sub-set of complex symbols,delivering a first sub-set of precoded complex symbols, said precodingmodifying a value of a complex symbol of said first sub-set of complexsymbols to take account of an interference generated by at least oneother complex symbol for transmission at the same instant or at a samefrequency according to a pre-determined time-frequency transmissionpattern.
 18. The method of claim 17, wherein a coding efficiencyassociated with said coding and puncturing steps of said first sub-setof coded elements is different from a coding efficiency associated withsaid coding and puncturing steps of said second sub-sets of codedelements.
 19. The method of claim 17, wherein the method furthercomprises a first step of interleaving of the punctured coded elementsof said first sub-set of punctured coded elements and a second step ofinterleaving of the punctured coded elements of said second sub-set ofpunctured coded elements implemented prior to the mapping step.
 20. Themethod of claim 17, wherein said generating said block of multicarriersymbols takes account of at least one interference affecting at leastone carrier of said multicarrier signal.
 21. The method of claim 1,further comprising the device transmitting said block of multicarriersymbols on a network.
 22. The device of claim 10, further comprising atransmitter configured to transmit said block of multicarrier symbols ona network.
 23. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 11,wherein the instructions further configure the device to transmit saidblock of multicarrier symbols on a network.
 24. The method of claim 17,further comprising the device transmitting said block of multicarriersymbols on a network.